Foszfonát

Foszfonát is the common name for the phosphonate functional group, which is an organophosphorus compound. The phosphonate group has the general structure R-PO(OR')2 or R-PO(OH)2 where R is an organic group and R' is typically hydrogen or an alkyl group. These compounds are characterized by a direct phosphorus-carbon bond. Foszfonátok exhibit a range of chemical properties and applications depending on the specific organic substituents attached.

In biological contexts, foszfonátok are often referred to as phosphonates. They can be naturally occurring, such as in some antibiotics, or synthesized for various purposes. Their strong chelating ability makes them useful in water treatment as scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. They are also employed in detergents, textiles, and as flame retardants.

In medicine, certain foszfonátok, specifically bisphosphonates (which contain two phosphonate groups), are widely used to treat bone diseases like osteoporosis and Paget's disease. These drugs work by inhibiting osteoclast activity, thereby reducing bone resorption. Examples of medical foszfonátok include alendronate, risedronate, and zoledronic acid. Research continues into new applications and modifications of foszfonát structures for diverse industrial and therapeutic uses.