Fossiilsetele

Fossiilsetele is the Estonian term used to refer to fossil fuels. These are energy sources formed from ancient organic matter and are non-renewable on human timescales. The main fossil fuels are coal, crude oil, natural gas, and peat. Fossil fuels have long provided the majority of global energy for electricity, heating, and transportation, and they also serve as feedstocks for various chemical products. Their widespread use is tied to established extraction, processing, and distribution systems.

Formation and characteristics: Fossil fuels developed over millions of years as buried organic material was subjected to heat and pressure. They are energy-dense and versatile, but burning them releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Environmental and health impacts include air pollution, water use and contamination from mining, and ecosystem disruption. Peat, while still organic, is sometimes considered a fossil-like resource in discussions of energy and carbon, though its status varies by region.

Transition and policy: Many countries aim to reduce fossil fuel consumption to cut greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. This involves expanding renewables, improving energy efficiency, electrifying transportation, and adopting carbon pricing or emissions standards. The transition also requires investments in grid infrastructure, storage, and just transition measures for workers and communities dependent on fossil industries. Some regions rely on domestic fossil resources such as peat or oil shale, while others depend on imports of coal, oil, or natural gas.

Global context: Fossil fuels remain a major energy source but face growing regulatory, economic, and social pressures. Debate continues over the pace of the energy transition, energy security, pricing, and the role of natural gas as a transitional fuel, alongside long-term aims for decarbonization and sustainable development.