Fosforüülrühma

Fosforüülrühma, also known as a phosphoryl group, is a chemical functional group with the general formula R–PO3. It consists of a phosphorus atom double-bonded to one oxygen atom and single-bonded to three other oxygen atoms. In many biological contexts, these three single-bonded oxygen atoms are also bonded to hydrogen atoms, forming a phosphate ion (PO4^3-). Alternatively, they can be bonded to other atoms or molecules, creating various organophosphorus compounds.

The phosphodiester bond, which links nucleotides in DNA and RNA, is formed by a fosforüülrühma. This bond is crucial for the structure and function of genetic material. Fosforüülrühma also plays a vital role in energy transfer within cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells, contains three phosphate groups, and the hydrolysis of these groups releases energy that powers numerous cellular processes. Furthermore, fosforüülrühma can be involved in protein modification through phosphorylation, a reversible process that alters protein activity and function. The presence and arrangement of fosforüülrühma are central to many biochemical reactions and molecular structures.