Fosforotioaatteja

Fosforotioaatteja is a Finnish term referring to phosphorothioates. These are a class of chemical compounds that are analogs of phosphate esters, where one of the non-bridging oxygen atoms is replaced by a sulfur atom. This modification, the replacement of oxygen with sulfur, can significantly alter the chemical properties of the molecule, including its stability and interactions with biological systems.

In molecular biology and pharmacology, phosphorothioate modifications are particularly important. They are frequently incorporated into oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The sulfur atom in the phosphorothioate linkage is more resistant to nucleophilic attack by enzymes called nucleases, which are naturally present in the body and can degrade nucleic acids. This increased nuclease resistance enhances the stability and lifespan of therapeutic oligonucleotides in vivo, allowing them to reach their target and exert their intended biological effect more effectively.

Phosphorothioate linkages have been widely adopted in the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics due to this improved pharmacokinetic profile. They are a common feature in many approved oligonucleotide drugs, contributing to their clinical efficacy. The synthesis of these modified nucleotides requires specific chemical approaches to introduce the sulfur atom into the phosphate backbone.