Fosforipentakloridia

Fosforipentakloridia, also known as phosphorus pentachloride, is a chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is a yellowish crystalline solid at room temperature. PCl5 is highly reactive and reacts violently with water, producing phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. It is also a strong chlorinating agent and can react with many organic compounds.

Phosphorus pentachloride is typically prepared by the reaction of phosphorus trichloride with chlorine gas. The reaction is reversible and is often carried out at elevated temperatures. PCl5 is an important reagent in organic synthesis, used for the conversion of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides and alcohols to alkyl chlorides. It is also used in the production of pesticides and pharmaceuticals.

In its solid state, PCl5 exists as a molecular lattice. In the gaseous and liquid states, it exists primarily as discrete PCl5 molecules. However, at higher temperatures, it dissociates into phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) and chlorine gas (Cl2). Due to its corrosive nature and reactivity with moisture, phosphorus pentachloride must be handled with care in a well-ventilated area, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.