Fosforiit

Fosforiit, also known as phosphorite, is a rock rich in phosphorus-bearing minerals. These minerals are typically apatite, a group of phosphate minerals that includes fluorapatite, hydroxyapatite, and chlorapatite. Fosforiit forms in marine environments, both shallow and deep, where the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters leads to the accumulation of organic matter and subsequent precipitation of phosphate. Sedimentary processes then concentrate these phosphate minerals into commercially viable deposits. The color of fosforiit can vary widely, from light brown and gray to dark brown and black, depending on the presence of organic matter and other impurities.

Fosforiit is a crucial source of phosphorus for the production of phosphate fertilizers, which are essential for modern agriculture. It is also used in the manufacturing of animal feed supplements, detergents, and some industrial chemicals. Historically, fosforiit was also used as a source of phosphoric acid for various applications. Major fosforiit deposits are found globally, with significant reserves located in North Africa, the Middle East, Russia, and the United States. The extraction and processing of fosforiit are important economic activities in many regions, though environmental concerns related to mining and processing are also a consideration.