Fosfolipídeo

Fosfolipídeo is a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They are composed of a hydrophilic head, which contains a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic tails, which are fatty acid chains. This amphipathic nature allows fosfolipídeos to form a bilayer in aqueous environments, with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards towards the water and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards, away from the water.

The structure of fosfolipídeos is crucial for their function in cell membranes. The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier, controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell. The specific types of fatty acids in the tails can influence the fluidity of the membrane.

Fosfolipídeos are also involved in various cellular processes beyond membrane structure. They can act as signaling molecules, participate in the transport of lipids, and are essential for the formation of lipoproteins. Diseases can arise from defects in fosfolipídeo metabolism or transport, highlighting their vital role in maintaining cellular health.