FormWorks

Formworks, or formwork systems, are temporary or permanent molds used to shape and support concrete or other poured materials until they gain sufficient strength. They define the geometry, surface finish, and dimensions of elements such as slabs, walls, columns, and bridges, while withstanding the pressure of fresh concrete during curing. In permanent formwork systems, the formwork remains as part of the finished construction.

Formwork comes in various types and materials. Traditional timber formwork uses timber and plywood, while engineered options employ steel, aluminum, or modular plastic and fiberglass units. Stay-in-place or insulating formwork consists of panels that remain as part of the structure. The choice depends on project size, speed of erection, surface quality, reuse potential, and cost.

Design and erection considerations are critical. The formwork must carry the hydrostatic pressure of fresh concrete, construction loads, and any temporary equipment. It requires proper bracing, securing, sealing at joints, and release agents to aid removal in reusable systems. Engineering calculations, standards, and manufacturer guidelines govern material selection, spacing, and support arrangements to ensure safety and dimensional accuracy.

Construction sequence involves erecting and aligning the formwork, placing reinforcement, pouring and vibrating concrete, and managing curing. After the concrete gains adequate strength, the formwork is removed or, in stay-in-place systems, remains as part of the finished element. Proper formwork use affects surface quality, defect risk, labor efficiency, and waste generation, making it a crucial consideration in concrete construction.

Applications span slabs, walls, frames, bridges, and tunnels, where controlled shape, surface finish, and dimensional tolerances are essential. Safety, reuse potential, and environmental impacts influence formwork choices across projects.