Folatstoffwechsels

Folatstoffwechsel refers to the biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of folate, also known as vitamin B9. Folate is a water-soluble vitamin essential for numerous bodily functions, including DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as red blood cell formation and amino acid metabolism.

The primary active form of folate in the body is tetrahydrofolate (THF). Dietary folate is first converted into dihydrofolate (DHF) and then reduced to THF through a series of enzymatic steps. THF then acts as a carrier of one-carbon units, which are crucial for various metabolic reactions. For example, it plays a vital role in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, the building blocks of DNA and RNA. It is also involved in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, an important amino acid.

Several enzymes are critical for folate metabolism, including dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which reduces DHF to THF. Genetic variations in these enzymes can affect folate metabolism and may lead to health issues. For instance, a common variant of the MTHFR gene can impair the conversion of folate into its active form, potentially increasing the risk of neural tube defects in newborns and contributing to elevated homocysteine levels, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Folate deficiency can result from inadequate dietary intake, impaired absorption, increased utilization, or certain medications that interfere with folate metabolism. Symptoms of deficiency can include megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, and neurological problems. Ensuring adequate folate intake through diet or supplementation is important for overall health and preventing associated medical conditions.