Focalisator

Focalisator is a term used in narrative theory, particularly in the study of literature and film, to describe a character or entity through whose perspective a story is told. It is not simply a narrator, but rather the consciousness through which the reader or viewer experiences events, thoughts, and emotions. The focalisator's viewpoint shapes the reader's understanding of the narrative world, determining what information is revealed and how it is presented.

There can be different types of focalisators. An internal focalisator is a character within the story whose consciousness is the primary lens for the narrative. This can be a first-person narrator (e.g., "I saw...") or a third-person narrator who is limited to the thoughts and feelings of a single character (e.g., "He thought..."). An external focalisator, on the other hand, is not a character in the story but observes events from an outside perspective. However, even an external focalisator can still engage in focalization by choosing to focus on specific characters or events, thereby directing the reader's attention.

The concept of focalization helps analyze how authors and filmmakers control the flow of information and manipulate reader or viewer engagement. By shifting focalization, a storyteller can create suspense, build empathy, or offer different interpretations of events. Understanding who is focalizing and how they are doing so is crucial for a deeper analysis of narrative construction and its impact on the audience.