Flüssigkeitshaushalts

Flüssigkeitshaushalt refers to the balance of water and electrolytes within the body. This balance is crucial for maintaining proper physiological functions, including cell integrity, nutrient transport, waste removal, and temperature regulation. The body constantly strives to maintain homeostasis in its fluid compartments, which include intracellular fluid (inside cells) and extracellular fluid (outside cells, further divided into plasma and interstitial fluid).

Intake of fluids primarily occurs through drinking and consuming food, while some water is also produced metabolically. Output of fluids happens through urine, feces, sweat, and respiration. The kidneys play a pivotal role in regulating the volume and concentration of urine, thereby controlling water and electrolyte excretion to match intake. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are key players in this regulatory process, signaling the kidneys to conserve or eliminate water and sodium.

Disruptions to the Flüssigkeitshaushalt can lead to dehydration (a deficit of body water) or overhydration (an excess of body water). These imbalances can be caused by various factors, including insufficient fluid intake, excessive fluid loss (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, heavy sweating), certain medical conditions (e.g., kidney disease, heart failure), and medications. Maintaining a healthy Flüssigkeitshaushalt is essential for overall health and well-being.