Flowresistance
Flowresistance is the opposition to the movement of a fluid through a channel, pipe, or porous medium. It arises from viscous forces in the fluid and from geometric constraints that convert kinetic energy into heat, and is often quantified by the pressure drop needed to sustain a given volumetric flow rate.
In internal flows within pipes or ducts, flowresistance is described by several formulations. For laminar flow
In porous media, flowresistance is often described by Darcy's law, Q = - (k A / μ) ∇P, or equivalently
Flowresistance is central in engineering applications such as water supply, HVAC, microfluidics, and groundwater hydrology. It
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