Flüssigkeitsüberladung

Flüssigkeitsüberladung, also known as fluid overload or hypervolemia, refers to a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of fluid within the body. This can occur when the body retains too much sodium and water, or when intravenous fluids are administered too rapidly or in too large a quantity. Various underlying medical conditions can contribute to fluid overload, including kidney failure, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and certain endocrine disorders.

The symptoms of fluid overload can vary depending on the severity and location of the excess fluid. Common signs include swelling (edema), particularly in the legs, ankles, and feet, as well as in the abdomen. Individuals may experience shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and a persistent cough, especially when lying down, due to fluid accumulation in the lungs. Other symptoms can include weight gain, a feeling of fullness, increased blood pressure, and fatigue.

Diagnosis of fluid overload typically involves a physical examination, assessment of symptoms, and laboratory tests. Blood tests may reveal imbalances in electrolytes and kidney function, while imaging studies such as chest X-rays can show fluid in the lungs. Treatment aims to remove the excess fluid and address the underlying cause. This often involves restricting fluid and sodium intake, and administering diuretics, which are medications that promote the excretion of water and salt by the kidneys. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess fluid and waste products from the blood.