Fisjonsfragmentene

Fisjonsfragmentene are the direct products of nuclear fission. When a heavy atomic nucleus, such as uranium-235, undergoes fission, it splits into two or more lighter nuclei. These lighter nuclei are known as fisjonsfragmentene. Typically, fission produces two main fragments, but occasionally three fragments can be formed. These fragments are not uniform; they are usually unequal in mass. The distribution of fragment masses follows a characteristic double-humped curve, indicating that the most probable fission events result in fragments with masses around 90-100 atomic mass units and 130-140 atomic mass units.

Fisjonsfragmentene are inherently unstable and highly radioactive. They are neutron-rich compared to stable isotopes of the same elements. This neutron excess leads to a series of radioactive decays, primarily beta decay, where a neutron transforms into a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino. This process continues until a stable isotope is reached. The energy released during fission is distributed among the kinetic energy of the fisjonsfragmentene, the kinetic energy of emitted neutrons, and gamma radiation. The kinetic energy of the fisjonsfragmentene accounts for a significant portion of this released energy, which is crucial in nuclear reactors for power generation. The radioactivity of fisjonsfragmentene also presents a significant challenge for the disposal of nuclear waste, as they remain hazardous for extended periods.