Finanssikriisi

Finanssikriisi refers to a severe disruption in financial markets, characterized by a sharp decline in asset values, failures of financial institutions, and a contraction of credit availability. These crises can originate from various sources, including asset bubbles, excessive leverage, regulatory failures, or contagion effects spreading from one market to another. The consequences are typically widespread, impacting economies through reduced investment, job losses, and slower growth.

Historical examples include the Great Depression of the 1930s, the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, and the global financial crisis of 2008. The 2008 crisis, for instance, was triggered by a collapse in the US housing market and the subsequent failure of major financial institutions, leading to a global recession.

Addressing financial crises often involves a combination of monetary and fiscal policy responses. Central banks may lower interest rates and inject liquidity into the financial system, while governments might implement fiscal stimulus packages and bailouts for critical institutions. Regulatory reforms are frequently introduced in the aftermath of a crisis to strengthen financial stability and prevent future occurrences. The study and prevention of financial crises remain a significant focus for economists and policymakers worldwide.