Filology
Filology, also called philology, is the study of language through historical texts and their transmission across time. It combines textual criticism, historical linguistics, literary analysis, and cultural inquiry to understand how languages develop and how literatures reflect past societies. Unlike some contemporary linguistics approaches that focus on language structure in general, philology emphasizes primary sources, manuscript traditions, and the historical contexts in which texts were produced and copied.
Originating in classical scholarship, classical philology focused on Greek and Latin texts and on establishing authoritative
In modern academia, philology often operates within departments of classical studies, comparative literature, or linguistics under