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The Fields Medal, often referred to as the "Nobel Prize of Mathematics," is the highest honor in the field of mathematics. It is awarded every four years to up to four individuals under the age of 40 for outstanding achievements in mathematics. The medal was established in 1936 by the International Mathematical Union (IMU) and is named after John Charles Fields, a Canadian mathematician who donated funds to establish the prize.

The Fields Medal is awarded during the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM), which is held every four years. The selection process involves a committee of mathematicians who review nominations and make recommendations to the IMU. The medal is accompanied by a cash prize, which has varied over the years but is typically around $15,000 USD.

The Fields Medal has been awarded to numerous prominent mathematicians, including Laurent Schwartz, John Nash, and Grigori Perelman. The medal is highly prestigious and is often seen as a significant indicator of a mathematician's contributions to the field. It has played a crucial role in recognizing and promoting excellence in mathematics, contributing to the field's growth and development.