Fibrinolytické

Fibrinolytické refers to processes or substances involved in the breakdown of fibrin. Fibrin is a protein that forms a mesh-like structure, which is essential for blood clotting. The fibrinolytic system is a crucial physiological mechanism that dissolves blood clots once they are no longer needed, preventing excessive clotting and maintaining blood flow.

The primary enzyme responsible for fibrinolysis is plasmin. Plasminogen, an inactive precursor, circulates in the blood and is converted to active plasmin by plasminogen activators. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) are key examples of these activators. Once formed, plasmin degrades fibrin into smaller soluble fragments.

Dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system can lead to significant health issues. A deficiency in fibrinolytic activity can result in thrombotic disorders, where clots form inappropriately and obstruct blood vessels. Conversely, excessive fibrinolytic activity can cause bleeding disorders, as clots are broken down too quickly.

Therapeutically, fibrinolytic agents are used to treat conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). These drugs, often referred to as thrombolytics, aim to dissolve existing blood clots to restore blood flow. Examples include recombinant tPA and streptokinase. Inhibitors of fibrinolysis, such as tranexamic acid, are used to manage bleeding by reducing clot breakdown.