Fettsyrasyntas

Fettsyrasyntas refers to a group of enzymes responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids. This complex process, known as de novo lipogenesis, is crucial for energy storage, cell membrane structure, and the production of signaling molecules. In eukaryotes, the primary enzyme complex involved is fatty acid synthase (FAS), a large multi-domain protein that catalyzes a series of reactions.

The synthesis begins with acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, which are condensed to form a growing fatty acid chain. The enzyme complex sequentially adds two-carbon units derived from malonyl-CoA to an acceptor molecule, typically acetyl-CoA or a growing fatty acyl chain. This process involves several enzymatic activities integrated within the FAS complex, including condensation, reduction, and dehydration. The resulting fatty acid chain is then released from the enzyme.

Fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the cytoplasm of cells, with key regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis. The rate of fatty acid synthesis is influenced by hormonal signals, such as insulin, and the availability of substrates and energy. Dysregulation of fatty acid synthesis is implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and certain types of cancer. Research continues to explore the intricate mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis and its therapeutic potential.