Felkar

Felkar is a Hungarian term that denotes the upper arm, the region between the shoulder and the elbow. In medical and anatomical contexts it may refer to the entire upper arm segment or specifically to structures located in this region, including the humerus bone and surrounding muscles, nerves, and vessels.

Anatomy and components

The humerus is the single long bone of the upper arm. Muscles in the anterior compartment, such as the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis, primarily flex the elbow and contribute to shoulder flexion. The posterior compartment contains the triceps brachii and the anconeus, which extend the elbow. The deltoid muscle attaches near the proximal humerus and aids in shoulder abduction. Major neurovascular structures run through the upper arm, including the brachial artery and the brachial plexus. Nerves such as the musculocutaneous nerve (anterior compartment) and the radial nerve (posterior compartment) are especially relevant; the median and ulnar nerves traverse the arm as they extend into the forearm and hand.

Joints and movement

The upper arm participates in two main joints: the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint at the proximal end and the elbow joint at the distal end. Movement of the upper arm influences shoulder articulation, while elbow flexion and extension primarily involve the muscles of the upper arm, assisted by forearm muscles for rotation and fine motor tasks.

Clinical relevance

Fractures of the humerus (proximal, midshaft, or distal) are common upper-arm injuries, often requiring imaging and sometimes surgical fixation. Radial nerve injury is a known risk with midshaft humeral fractures, while proximal humerus fractures are more frequent in older adults with osteoporosis. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion, strength, and function.

Etymology and usage

Felkar derives from Hungarian, with fel meaning “upward” or “upper” and kar meaning “arm.” The term is used in medical and anatomical discourse to describe the upper arm region.