Federalisation

Federalisation refers to the process by which previously independent states or entities voluntarily transfer certain powers and responsibilities to a central, supranational authority, thereby creating a federation. This involves a constitutional arrangement where sovereignty is divided between a federal government and constituent regional governments. The federal government typically handles matters of national importance, such as defense, foreign policy, and currency, while regional governments retain authority over local issues like education, healthcare, and public transport.

The concept of federalisation is often contrasted with confederation, where the central authority is weaker and the constituent states retain more autonomy. It can also be seen as a pathway for closer political and economic integration among states, sometimes as a precursor to a fully unified state. The motivations for federalisation can include the desire for enhanced security, economic benefits through a larger common market, and the need to address complex trans-border issues more effectively. Examples of federalisation processes can be observed in the historical development of various countries and regional blocs. The success and nature of federalisation depend heavily on the specific historical context, political will, and the constitutional frameworks established.