FeCN5NO2

FeCN5NO2, also known as sodium nitroprusside, is a coordination complex with the chemical formula [Fe(CN)5(NO)]2−. It is typically encountered as a sodium salt, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O. This compound is a dark red crystalline solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. The central iron atom is in the +2 oxidation state and is coordinated to five cyanide ligands and one nitroso ligand. The nitroso ligand, NO, is bound to the iron through the nitrogen atom.

Sodium nitroprusside has found significant use in medicine as a potent vasodilator. It is administered intravenously to treat hypertensive emergencies, where blood pressure needs to be lowered rapidly. The mechanism of action involves the release of nitric oxide (NO) upon exposure to light or interaction with sulfhydryl groups in the blood. This released NO activates guanylate cyclase, leading to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and subsequent smooth muscle relaxation.

Due to its light sensitivity, sodium nitroprusside solutions must be protected from light during preparation and administration. Prolonged exposure to light can lead to decomposition and the formation of toxic byproducts, including cyanide ions. Therefore, careful handling and storage are essential. Its rapid onset and short duration of action make it a valuable tool for managing acute hypertensive situations, but its potential for cyanide toxicity necessitates close monitoring of patients.