Fagosütoosist

Fagosütoosist is a biological process by which cells engulf and internalize particles, such as microorganisms, dead cells, or debris. This process is a form of endocytosis, a broader term for the cellular uptake of external material. Fagosütoosist is primarily carried out by specialized cells known as phagocytes, which are a crucial component of the immune system in many organisms.

The mechanism of fagosütoosist involves several distinct stages. Initially, the phagocyte recognizes the target particle, often through specific receptors on its cell surface that bind to molecules on the particle. Upon recognition, the phagocyte extends pseudopods, which are extensions of its cell membrane, to surround the particle. This engulfment leads to the formation of a vesicle called a phagosome within the cell, enclosing the ingested material.

Once the phagosome is formed, it fuses with lysosomes, cellular organelles containing digestive enzymes. This fusion creates a phagolysosome, where the enclosed particle is broken down and degraded by the lysosomal enzymes. The resulting components, such as nutrients or waste products, are then either utilized by the cell or expelled. Fagosütoosist plays a vital role in host defense against pathogens, removal of cellular debris, and tissue remodeling. It is a fundamental process for maintaining cellular and organismal health.