Fagocitálási

Fagocitálási, a Hungarian term, translates to phagocytosis in English. It is a cellular process by which certain cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and internalize large particles, such as microorganisms, dead cells, and foreign substances. This process is crucial for the immune system's defense against pathogens and for maintaining tissue homeostasis.

The mechanism of phagocytosis involves several distinct stages. First, the phagocyte recognizes the target particle through specific receptors on its surface. This recognition triggers the extension of the phagocyte's cell membrane, forming pseudopods that surround and enclose the particle. The particle is then internalized into a vesicle called a phagosome. Subsequently, the phagosome fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the engulfed material, neutralizing any harmful components.

Key phagocytic cells in the human body include macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Macrophages are found in various tissues and play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils are abundant white blood cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of infection or inflammation to engulf and destroy bacteria. Dendritic cells are specialized for antigen presentation, a process that initiates adaptive immune responses. Fagocitálási is therefore a fundamental biological mechanism essential for survival and health.