Fagocítica

Fagocítica refers to the process of phagocytosis, a crucial cellular mechanism by which certain cells engulf and internalize large particles. This process is carried out by specialized cells known as phagocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Phagocytes play a vital role in the immune system, acting as the body's first line of defense against pathogens like bacteria and viruses, as well as removing cellular debris and dead or dying cells.

The process of phagocytosis begins with the phagocyte recognizing the target particle, often through specific receptors on its surface. Once recognized, the phagocyte extends its cell membrane, forming pseudopods, which surround and engulf the particle. This creates a membrane-bound vesicle within the phagocyte called a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which are organelles containing digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the engulfed material, rendering it harmless or preparing it for elimination from the cell.

Key cells involved in phagocytosis include macrophages and neutrophils. Macrophages are typically found in tissues throughout the body and are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils are abundant in the blood and are rapidly recruited to sites of infection or inflammation to perform phagocytosis. This cellular process is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting the organism from disease.