FSHanaloga

FSHanaloga are pharmacological agents that mimic the action of endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). They bind to FSH receptors on ovarian granulosa cells, promoting follicular growth and maturation, and thereby supporting follicle development. In men, FSHanaloga can support spermatogenesis in certain infertility conditions when used with other gonadotropins or hormones.

Most FSHanaloga are recombinant human FSH preparations, including follitropin alfa and follitropin beta. There are also urinary-derived preparations that contain FSH activity, and products that combine FSH with LH activity (as in some preparations of human menopausal gonadotropin, or hMG). The class includes biosimilars that are highly similar to reference products.

Clinical use centers on fertility treatment: controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction in certain forms of infertility, and, less commonly, stimulation of spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Administration is by subcutaneous injection, with dosing and duration individualized and monitored by clinicians through ultrasound and hormone testing to optimize follicular development and minimize risks.

Adverse effects commonly relate to injection-site reactions, headaches, edema, and abdominal discomfort. A major risk in ART settings is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and multiple pregnancy can occur. Contraindications include known pregnancy, ovarian cysts not attributable to functional activity, and certain hormone-sensitive cancers, among others.

FSHanaloga have been in clinical use since the emergence of recombinant products in the 1990s. Ongoing development includes additional biosimilars to improve access and flexibility in fertility treatment.