FCTC

The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is an international treaty developed under the World Health Organization to combat the global tobacco epidemic. Negotiated from 1999 to 2003, it was opened for signature in 2003 and entered into force on February 27, 2005 after reaching the required number of ratifications. It is the first public health treaty negotiated under the WHO framework and has been widely ratified by states and other parties.

The treaty aims to reduce both the demand for and the supply of tobacco products. Core obligations include price and tax measures to deter consumption, protection from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces and public places, regulation of tobacco product disclosures and health warnings on packaging, and restrictions or prohibitions on advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. It also calls for cessation support for users, measures to prevent illicit trade, and protections to ensure that public health policies are not influenced by tobacco industry interests. Parties are expected to implement comprehensive, multisectoral tobacco control programs and to report on progress.

Governance and monitoring are provided by the Conference of the Parties (COP), which adopts guidelines, protocols, and amendments, and reviews implementation. A dedicated Secretariat and reporting requirements support ongoing compliance and adaptation to new developments in tobacco control.

Impact and status: The FCTC has spurred widespread adoption of tobacco control measures worldwide, including smoke-free laws, standardized packaging and labeling, and advertising restrictions. It remains one of the most widely ratified international health treaties, guiding national legislation and international cooperation to reduce tobacco-related harm.