Eyedrops

Eyedrops, also known as ophthalmic solutions, are sterile liquid preparations designed for instillation into the eye. They are used to treat a variety of ocular conditions, relieve symptoms, or aid in diagnostic procedures. The formulation of eyedrops is crucial, as they must be isotonic, non-irritating, and free from foreign particles to prevent damage to the delicate eye tissues.

Eyedrops can contain various active ingredients depending on their purpose. Antibiotic eyedrops are prescribed to treat bacterial eye infections, while antiviral eyedrops are used for viral infections. Antifungal eyedrops target fungal infections. Steroid eyedrops can reduce inflammation associated with conditions like uveitis or allergic conjunctivitis. Antihistamine eyedrops are effective for relieving itching and redness caused by allergies. Lubricant eyedrops, often referred to as artificial tears, are used to alleviate dry eye symptoms by supplementing natural tear production. Glaucoma medications, available as eyedrops, work by reducing intraocular pressure.

Administering eyedrops typically involves tilting the head back, gently pulling down the lower eyelid to create a small pocket, and then instilling one or two drops into the pocket. It is important to avoid touching the eye or eyelid with the dropper tip to maintain sterility. If using multiple types of eyedrops, a waiting period of at least five minutes between different medications is usually recommended. Eyedrops are generally stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight, and should be discarded after their expiration date or if the seal is broken.