Exurbs

Exurbs are a term in urban geography that describes communities located beyond the suburbs of a central metropolis. They are tied economically and socially to the urban core through commuting, trade, and other connections, yet often retain a semi-rural or rural character and a distinct development pattern from the inner suburbs.

Characteristics of exurbs typically include lower housing density, larger lot sizes, and a mix of agricultural land, open space, and residential uses. Residents frequently commute to the city for work in professional, managerial, or service sectors. Commercial services and public amenities may be more limited in exurban areas, requiring travel to the central city or regional hubs for shopping, healthcare, and entertainment.

Development in exurbs is driven by transportation infrastructure, affordability pressures in the urban core, and a preference for more space and privacy. Growth often follows major highways, rail corridors, or other connective arteries and can occur adjacent to existing rural municipalities or unincorporated areas.

Impacts of exurban growth include increased demand for water, sewer, roads, and other infrastructure, as well as concerns about sprawl, habitat loss, and environmental sustainability. Governance and planning challenges can arise from service provision, taxation, annexation, and coordination among multiple jurisdictions.

The term exurb is distinct from the core suburbs, as exurban areas lie beyond the traditional suburban ring and may maintain semi-rural characteristics despite close proximity to a city. Some scholars view exurbs as part of metropolitan expansion, while others emphasize their separate social and economic identity.