Exkluderbart

Exkluderbart is a Swedish adjective that translates to "excludable" or "non-excludable" in English. It is commonly used in economics to describe goods or services based on whether it is possible to prevent individuals from consuming them if they do not pay.

A good or service is considered exkluderbart if its provider can prevent non-paying individuals from consuming it. For instance, a movie ticket is exkluderbart because the cinema can deny entry to those who have not purchased a ticket. Similarly, a private car is exkluderbart as its owner can prevent others from using it without permission. This excludability is a key characteristic of private goods, which are typically rivalrous and excludable.

Conversely, a good or service is non-exkluderbart if it is difficult or impossible to prevent individuals from consuming it, regardless of whether they pay. A classic example of a non-exkluderbart good is national defense. It is not feasible to exclude any citizen from the protection provided by national defense, even if they do not contribute to its funding through taxes. Similarly, public broadcasting, like free-to-air television or radio, is often non-exkluderbart, as anyone with a receiver can access the content without direct payment. Goods that are non-exkluderbart often lead to issues of free-riding, where individuals benefit from a good or service without contributing to its cost.

The concept of exkluderbart is fundamental in understanding different types of goods, such as private goods, public goods, club goods, and common resources, and has implications for how these goods are produced, funded, and allocated within an economy.