Exarch

An exarch was a high-ranking official in the Byzantine Empire, serving as a military governor and administrator of a province or region. The term "exarch" is derived from the Greek word "exarchos," meaning "governor" or "commander." Exarchs held significant authority, often commanding large military forces and overseeing the civil administration of their assigned territories. They were typically appointed by the Emperor of the Byzantine Empire and were responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and defending the province against external threats.

The role of an exarch evolved over time, with some exarchs gaining considerable autonomy and even ruling their territories as semi-independent princes. Notable examples include the Exarchate of Ravenna, which was established in the 6th century and governed the Italian Peninsula, and the Exarchate of Carthage, which controlled North Africa. These exarchates were often strategically important, serving as buffers against the expanding Arab and Lombard forces.

Exarchs played a crucial role in the Byzantine Empire's defense and administration, and their positions were highly prestigious. However, their power and influence could vary greatly depending on the specific circumstances and the Emperor's policies. The term "exarch" continued to be used in the Byzantine Empire until its eventual fall in the 15th century.