Evapotranspiració

Evapotranspiració is the sum of evaporation from the land surface and transpiration from plants. Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Transpiration is the process where moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, called stomata, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Together, these two processes account for a significant portion of water movement from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere.

The rate of evapotranspiration is influenced by several factors including temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and the availability of water. Higher temperatures and greater solar radiation generally increase evapotranspiration, while higher humidity and stronger winds can also play a role. The type of vegetation present and its growth stage are also crucial determinants, as different plants have varying capacities for transpiration.

Understanding evapotranspiration is vital in various fields, particularly in hydrology and agriculture. In agriculture, it helps determine irrigation needs and optimize water management for crops. Hydrologically, it is a key component in the water cycle, influencing streamflow, groundwater recharge, and the overall water balance of a region. Measuring or estimating evapotranspiration is therefore essential for effective water resource management and environmental studies.