Eukaryotní

Eukaryotní refers to organisms belonging to the domain Eukaryota. These organisms are characterized by the presence of a true nucleus, which is a membrane-bound organelle that encloses the cell's genetic material. This is a defining feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Besides the nucleus, eukaryotic cells also typically contain other specialized organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. These organelles perform specific functions essential for the cell's survival and operation.

Eukaryotes encompass a vast diversity of life forms, including all animals, plants, fungi, and protists. They can be unicellular, like amoebas and yeast, or multicellular, like trees and humans. Their cellular structure allows for greater complexity and specialization, enabling the development of intricate tissues, organs, and organ systems in multicellular organisms. The genetic material in eukaryotes is organized into linear chromosomes located within the nucleus. Reproduction in eukaryotes can occur asexually through processes like mitosis, or sexually through meiosis, which involves the fusion of gametes. The evolutionary history of eukaryotes is marked by significant adaptations and diversification, leading to the wide array of forms observed today.