Esovellukset

Esovellukset, also known as esophageal varices, are enlarged veins within the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. They are a common complication of portal hypertension, a condition where there is increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestines to the liver. Portal hypertension can occur due to liver disease, such as cirrhosis, or other conditions that obstruct blood flow to the liver.

Esophageal varices can bleed, leading to serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, and even death if not managed properly. They are typically classified based on their location along the esophagus: proximal (above the diaphragm), middle (at the level of the diaphragm), or distal (below the diaphragm).

Diagnosis of esophageal varices is often made through upper endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera is passed down the throat to visualize the esophagus. Treatment options vary depending on the size and location of the varices. Small varices may not require treatment, while larger varices may need to be banded or injected with a sclerosant solution to close them off and prevent bleeding.

Prevention strategies include managing the underlying cause of portal hypertension, such as treating liver disease, and avoiding factors that can worsen the condition, like excessive alcohol consumption. Regular monitoring and follow-up are also crucial for managing esophageal varices and preventing complications.