Eroziju

Eroziju is a term used to describe the process by which surface material is gradually removed from a solid surface or landscape through natural forces. In geology and geomorphology, eroziju refers to the detachment, transport, and eventual deposition of soil, rock, and other materials by moving agents such as water, wind, ice, or gravity. It differs from weathering, which acts in place to break down material without significant transport.

Eroziju is commonly categorized by the dominant eroding agent: fluvial erosion by rivers and streams; coastal erosion driven by waves and tidal action; aeolian erosion produced by wind; and glacial erosion shaped by moving ice. Human activity can accelerate eroziju through deforestation, overgrazing, agriculture on steep slopes, and construction, increasing sediment load in waterways and reducing land productivity.

The rate of eroziju depends on climate, vegetation cover, soil or rock properties, slope, rainfall intensity, and land management practices. Environmental and economic impacts can be substantial, including soil fertility loss, habitat disruption, water turbidity, and damage to infrastructure. Mitigation approaches aim to reduce detachment and transport, such as maintaining vegetation belts, adopting soil-conserving farming practices, terracing, windbreaks, and installing sediment-control measures.

See also erosion, weathering, sediment transport, soil conservation. Eroziju is used in technical and academic contexts to discuss surface-change processes and landscape evolution.