Epäpuhtaushiukkaset

Epäpuhtaushiukkaset, often translated as particulate matter or PM, refers to a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. These particles vary in size, with the smallest being the most concerning for human health and the environment. They originate from both natural sources, such as dust storms and volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic activities, including the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles and industrial processes, as well as agricultural practices.

The size of these particles is a critical factor in their impact. Ultrafine particles (less than 0.1 micrometers) and fine particles (between 0.1 and 2.5 micrometers) can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Coarser particles (between 2.5 and 10 micrometers) tend to be deposited in the upper respiratory tract. The chemical composition of epäpuhtaushiukkaset is also diverse, including sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, carbon black, mineral dust, and water.

Exposure to epäpuhtaushiukkaset is linked to a range of adverse health effects, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Short-term exposure can exacerbate conditions like asthma and bronchitis, while long-term exposure is associated with increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer, and premature death. Environmental impacts include reduced visibility, damage to ecosystems, and contributions to climate change. Monitoring and controlling epäpuhtaushiukkaset emissions are therefore crucial for public health and environmental protection.