Epämetallisia

Epämetallisia refers to nonmetals, a group of chemical elements that are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and tend to gain electrons to form negative ions. Unlike metals, which are typically malleable and ductile, nonmetals are often brittle in their solid state and exist in various forms, including gases, liquids, and solids. The most abundant nonmetal in the universe is hydrogen, which makes up a significant portion of stars. Oxygen and nitrogen are the primary components of Earth's atmosphere. Other common nonmetals include carbon, the basis of organic chemistry, and sulfur, known for its distinctive smell. Halogens, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, are highly reactive nonmetals that often form salts when combined with metals. Noble gases, like helium, neon, and argon, are characterized by their inertness due to having full valence electron shells. Nonmetals play crucial roles in biological processes, industrial applications, and the formation of many everyday materials. Their diverse properties and widespread presence make them fundamental to understanding the chemical world.