Epipactis

Epipactis is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Commonly known as helleborines, these orchids are found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is characterized by its terrestrial habit, often growing in woodland or scrub environments, though some species can tolerate more open habitats.

Epipactis species typically have fleshy rhizomes and erect stems that bear alternate leaves. The leaves are usually ovate to lanceolate and can be smooth or slightly hairy. The flowers are borne in racemes and are often insect-pollinated. They exhibit a range of colors, from green and white to shades of pink and purple, depending on the species and its hybridization. The labellum, or lip, is often prominently colored and plays a crucial role in attracting pollinators.

The genus Epipactis encompasses a diverse group of plants with a complex taxonomic history. Several species are widely distributed, while others are more localized. Hybridization between species is also common within the genus, leading to further taxonomic challenges. Conservation efforts are in place for some Epipactis species, particularly those that are rare or endangered due to habitat loss or other environmental pressures.