Epigeneticists

Epigeneticists are scientists who study epigenetics, heritable changes in gene function that do not involve DNA sequence changes. They examine how chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins, and changes in chromatin structure, regulate where and when genes are expressed during development, differentiation, aging, and environmental responses.

Central to their work are mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigeneticists explore how these mechanisms control transcription, influence cell identity, and affect processes like genomic imprinting and X-chromosome inactivation.

Research methods include genome-wide profiling and targeted assays such as bisulfite sequencing for methylation, ChIP-seq for histone marks, ATAC-seq for chromatin accessibility, RNA sequencing, and chromosome conformation capture techniques (Hi-C). CRISPR-based epigenome editing is used to model or alter epigenetic states.

Applications span developmental biology, cancer, aging, neurobiology, and environmental health. Epigenetic changes can serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, and epigenetic therapies—such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases or histone-modifying enzymes—are active areas of research and clinical development.

Typically trained at the PhD level in biology, genetics, or molecular biology, epigeneticists work in universities, medical centers, research institutes, and biotech or pharmaceutical companies. Their work is published in scientific journals and presented at conferences to advance understanding of gene regulation and health.