Epifysplattan

Epifysplattan, also known as the epiphyseal plate or growth plate, is a hyaline cartilage plate located near the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. It is primarily responsible for longitudinal bone growth and development. The epiphyseal plate is situated between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphysis (end) of a long bone, such as those found in the arms and legs.

The structure of the epiphyseal plate consists of several zones, each with distinct characteristics and functions. The reserve zone, closest to the epiphysis, contains small, inactive chondrocytes (cartilage cells) that serve as a reserve for future growth. The proliferative zone is where chondrocytes actively divide and arrange themselves in columns perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. In the hypertrophic zone, chondrocytes enlarge and eventually die, leaving behind a lattice of calcified cartilage. Finally, in the ossification zone, this calcified cartilage is replaced by bone tissue, contributing to the lengthening of the bone.

During childhood and adolescence, the epiphyseal plate is active, allowing bones to grow in length. However, as a person approaches the end of puberty, the chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate gradually stop dividing and the plate ossifies, a process known as epiphyseal closure. This marks the end of longitudinal bone growth. In adults, the remnants of the epiphyseal plate can still be seen as a thin line called the epiphyseal line or growth plate line.

Injuries to the epiphyseal plate, such as fractures, can have significant consequences, as they can potentially disrupt normal bone growth and development. Proper medical attention is crucial in such cases to minimize long-term effects.