Entsyymiluokka

Entsyymiluokka refers to a classification system for enzymes based on the type of chemical reaction they catalyze. This hierarchical system, established by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB), organizes enzymes into six main classes, each further divided into subclasses and sub-subclasses. The primary purpose of this classification is to provide a standardized and unambiguous way to name and identify enzymes and their functions.

The six main enzyme classes are Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases. Oxidoreductases catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, while Transferases move functional groups from one molecule to another. Hydrolases break down molecules using water, and Lyases form or break double bonds without hydrolysis or oxidation. Isomerases rearrange atoms within a molecule to form isomers, and Ligases join two molecules together, usually with the consumption of ATP.

Each enzyme is assigned a unique four-part EC number, with the first digit representing the main class. For example, EC 1. indicates an Oxidoreductase, EC 2. a Transferase, and so on. The subsequent numbers provide finer detail about the specific reaction catalyzed. This systematic approach ensures clarity and consistency in scientific literature and databases, facilitating research and communication within the field of enzymology.