Enklávék

Enklávék are territories completely surrounded by the land of another state. The term comes from the Spanish word "enclave," meaning a small part of a country within another country. Enklávék can be sovereign territories belonging to one country but located entirely within the borders of another, or they can be exclaves of a country that are geographically separated from the main part of that country and entirely surrounded by foreign territory.

Historically, enklávék have often arisen due to complex geopolitical divisions, inheritance laws, or historical treaties. Their existence can sometimes lead to unique administrative, legal, and economic situations. For example, residents of an enkláve may be subject to the laws of the surrounding country as well as their own, or special agreements may be in place to manage borders, customs, and access.

Notable examples of enklávék include the Vatican City, an independent state surrounded by Rome, Italy, and San Marino, also entirely within Italy. Similarly, Nakhchivan is an exclave of Azerbaijan surrounded by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. The existence of enklávék requires careful management of relations between the enclaved territory and the surrounding state to ensure smooth functioning and avoid potential disputes. The legal status and governance of enklávék are often defined by international law and bilateral agreements.