enkláve

An enklave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of a single other state. This can occur in several ways. An exclave is a territory that is geographically separated from the main part of its own country or state by the territory of one or more foreign states. Therefore, an enklave can also be an exclave, if it is surrounded by a foreign state. Conversely, an enclave is a territory completely surrounded by another state, but it is not necessarily an exclave of its own state. For instance, if a territory is surrounded by a federal state, it might not be an exclave of that federal state.

The term "enklave" is often used interchangeably with "exclave" in common language, though technically they describe different aspects of territorial relationships. An exclave refers to a piece of territory belonging to one country but located outside of its main landmass and surrounded by foreign territory. An enclave, on the other hand, is a territory completely inside the borders of another state. Thus, an exclave is always an enclave relative to the surrounding state, but an enclave is not always an exclave of its belonging state if it is, for example, a part of a larger federal state that also surrounds it.

Examples of enclaves can be found globally. Historically, many existed due to complex border treaties and political divisions. Today, some enclaves are political entities within a country, while others are exclaves of a neighboring nation. The existence of enclaves can sometimes lead to diplomatic or logistical challenges, particularly concerning access, trade, and governance.