Endomykorrhizen

Endomykorrhizen, also known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), represent the most common type of mycorrhizal association between fungi and plants. This symbiotic relationship is characterized by the fungal hyphae penetrating the plant root cells, forming specialized structures called arbuscules. These arbuscules are highly branched hyphal structures that serve as the primary site for nutrient exchange between the fungus and the plant.

In an endomycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the cortical cells of the plant root. Within these cells, the fungus forms arbuscules, which greatly increase the surface area for nutrient transfer. Additionally, some AMF species also form vesicles, which are storage organs for lipids and carbohydrates, within the root cells or intercellular spaces. The fungal hyphae extend outward from the root into the soil, effectively increasing the plant's access to essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, which are often immobile in the soil. In return for these nutrients, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis. This mutualistic relationship is crucial for the health and growth of many plant species, particularly in nutrient-poor environments. Endomycorrhizal fungi are found in over 80% of terrestrial plant species, highlighting their widespread ecological importance.