Elektroodide

Elektroodide is a term of Estonian origin that translates to "electrodes" in English. Electrodes are conductors that facilitate the flow of electrical current into or out of a nonmetallic medium, such as an electrolyte or a vacuum. In essence, they serve as the interface between an electrical circuit and another medium.

The function of an electrode depends heavily on the specific application. In electrochemistry, electrodes are crucial components of electrochemical cells, including batteries, fuel cells, and electrolytic cells. They are where oxidation and reduction reactions occur. For example, in a battery, one electrode (the anode) loses electrons through oxidation, and the other electrode (the cathode) gains electrons through reduction.

Electrodes are also employed in various medical devices. Electromyography (EMG) uses electrodes to measure the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. Electrocardiography (ECG) uses electrodes placed on the skin to record the electrical activity of the heart. In therapeutic applications, electrodes can deliver electrical stimulation for pain relief or muscle rehabilitation.

Materials used for electrodes vary widely, depending on their intended use. Common materials include metals like platinum, gold, silver, copper, and stainless steel, chosen for their conductivity and resistance to corrosion. Carbon-based materials, such as graphite and carbon nanotubes, are also frequently used due to their electrical properties and surface area. The design and surface properties of an electrode are critical for its performance and longevity in any given application.