Elektrolyzí

Elektrolyzí is a process that uses an electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. This is achieved by passing an electric current through an electrolyte, which is a substance that contains free ions and can conduct electricity. When the current flows, positively charged ions (cations) are attracted to the negative electrode (cathode), and negatively charged ions (anions) are attracted to the positive electrode (anode). At the electrodes, chemical reactions occur where electrons are transferred. At the cathode, reduction takes place, meaning the cations gain electrons. At the anode, oxidation occurs, where the anions lose electrons.

Common applications of elektrolyzí include the production of metals like aluminum and copper from their ores, the purification of metals, and the generation of gases such as hydrogen and oxygen from water. It is also used in electroplating, where a thin layer of one metal is deposited onto another for decorative or protective purposes. The efficiency and products of elektrolyzí depend on factors like the type of electrolyte, the material of the electrodes, the voltage applied, and the temperature.