Elektrokatalüüs

Elektrokatalüüs is a catalytic process that uses electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. In electrocatalysis, an electrochemical cell is employed, where electrodes immersed in an electrolyte facilitate the transfer of electrons to or from reactant molecules. This electron transfer initiates or accelerates chemical transformations that might otherwise be slow or require harsh conditions. The catalyst, typically a material deposited on the electrode surface, plays a crucial role by lowering the activation energy of the reaction and improving selectivity towards desired products.

The core principle of elektrokatalüüs lies in the ability to precisely control the reaction potential using an external power source. By adjusting this potential, chemists can selectively drive specific redox reactions. This controllability is a significant advantage over traditional thermal catalysis. Common applications include the production of hydrogen and oxygen through water splitting, the reduction of carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, and various organic synthesis reactions.

The development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts is a central research area in elektrokatalüüs. Researchers are continuously exploring new materials, including transition metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based nanostructures, to enhance catalytic activity, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Understanding the reaction mechanisms at the electrode-electrolyte interface is also vital for designing improved electrocatalytic systems. Elektrokatalüüs holds significant promise for sustainable energy technologies and cleaner chemical manufacturing.