Elektrodkemiska

Elektrodkemiska is a field that sits at the intersection of chemistry and physics, focusing on chemical processes driven by or producing electrical energy. It studies oxidation–reduction reactions at electrode interfaces, the transport of charge, and how electrical energy can drive chemical change or be generated by chemical reactions. Central ideas include redox couples, electrode potentials, galvanic (voltaic) versus electrolysis cells, and the influence of electrode materials and electrolytes on reaction rates and efficiency.

Key principles used in elektrodkemiska include Faraday’s laws, which relate the amount of substance transformed to the electric charge passed, and the Nernst equation, which describes how electrode potentials depend on concentrations. Measurements are typically made with a three-electrode setup consisting of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. Standard electrode potentials provide a reference framework for predicting reaction spontaneity.

Techniques and methods encompass voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, potentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, among others. These methods enable the study of reaction kinetics, diffusion, surface processes, and charge transfer at interfaces.

Applications span energy storage and conversion (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells), electroplating and corrosion protection, and electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial processes. Elektrodkemiska also contributes to electrochemical synthesis and green chemistry, offering routes to reactions driven by electricity with potential reductions in waste and energy use. In biology, bioelectrochemistry investigates redox processes in cells and tissues, bridging chemistry with physiological function.