Elektrivõime

Elektrivõime, often translated as electrical capacity or electrical potential, refers to the electric potential energy per unit electric charge at a point in an electric field. It is a scalar quantity and is typically measured in volts (V). An electric field exerts a force on electric charges. When a charge moves within this field, work is done on or by the field, and this work is related to changes in potential energy. Elektrivõime quantifies this potential energy in relation to the charge.

The concept of elektrivõime is fundamental to understanding electric circuits and electromagnetism. It is defined as the amount of work required to move a unit positive charge from a reference point (often taken to be at infinity or ground) to a specific point in an electric field without acceleration. Alternatively, it can be viewed as the electric potential energy that a unit charge would possess if placed at that point. Differences in elektrivõime between two points are what drive the flow of electric current in a conductor, analogous to how differences in gravitational potential drive the flow of water. The unit of elektrivõime, the volt, is defined as one joule per coulomb.