Elektrimootorite

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate force. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as batteries, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters, or electrical generators. An electric motor's performance is typically evaluated on the basis of its power density and energy efficiency.

The conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetism, a phenomenon discovered by Michael Faraday and independently by Joseph Henry in 1831, was first demonstrated practically by Thomas Davenport, who built the first practical DC electric motor in 1834. The first major application of electric motors was in the development of electric streetcars, which began to operate in various cities in the 1880s and 1890s. The development of electric motors also played a significant role in the Second Industrial Revolution, enabling the widespread use of power tools and machinery in factories.

Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators. Small motors may be found in electric watches. General-purpose motors with ratings below 1 hp (0.75 kW) are used in home appliances, such as washing machines, dishwashers, fans and record players.